The Effects of simulated acid rain on growth and susceptabiliityto predation of Phratora Polaris

Abstract

The Effects of long-term simulated acid rain on tritrophic interactions between mountain birch, a leaf beetle (Phratora Polaris) and it's pradators were studied. Leaf Beetle larvae were fed on foliage treated during 6- 7 years with simulated acid rain of PH 3 or with spring water with a PH 6.